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Doing Business in Quebec: French-Language Rules

French rules and translationContracts and disputesStandards, certification and licences

Last reviewed 2026-10-20

First edition, partly verified. Every rule here links to the source we opened, and what we could not confirm is listed in the “not verified” section near the end. An independent legal and tax review is still to come: treat this as a research starting point.

This guide goes deeper on the language rules that Working with Canadian Companies only summarizes. It is for foreign companies selling into Quebec or opening a Quebec operation, and for Canadian businesses outside Quebec that serve Quebec customers. It is not about general Canadian contract law or US-bound sales (see Selling to the US from Canada for that direction).

A caution on sourcing. During this research the statute site and several regulator pages could not be opened, so some points rest on law-firm summaries of the regulation rather than the regulation itself. Each such point is labelled, and the full list is in "What this guide did not verify".

The Quebec government's language office, the Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF), states that the Charter applies to any business operating in Quebec, even temporarily (OQLF FAQ). A business with no Quebec premises that sells to Quebec consumers is the harder case: one explainer from the legal-information nonprofit Éducaloi says the Charter applies to businesses that sell goods or services to Quebec consumers, and that those consumers have a right to be informed and served in French (Éducaloi). It does not address businesses based elsewhere directly, so treat the reach to a foreign seller as a question for counsel.

The Charter is the Charter of the French language; the 2022 reform is Bill 96, sanctioned on June 1, 2022 (OQLF notice). Its provisions came into force in stages, so always ask "which date applies to this obligation".

2. Dates in force, as of 2026-10-20

Rule Date in force Source
French version first for contracts of adhesion June 1, 2023 OQLF
Amending Regulation on the language of commerce and business published June 26, 2024 OQLF
New trademark, signage and company-name rules (ss. 51.1, 58.1) and related regulation June 1, 2025 OQLF, Gowling WLG
Francization registration for businesses with 25 to 49 employees June 1, 2025 OQLF notice
Last day to sell pre-June 2025 products that do not meet the new labelling rules June 1, 2027 DLA Piper, Osler

The OQLF page on the 25-to-49 group was last updated May 20, 2026 and still uses future-tense wording about June 1, 2025; that date has passed.

3. Contracts

Contracts of adhesion

A contract of adhesion is one whose essential terms were imposed or drafted by one party and could not be freely discussed, as defined in article 1379 of the Civil Code, according to the OQLF contracts page. Examples listed there include subscriptions, franchise agreements and insurance contracts. Online terms and conditions usually fall here.

  • French first. The contract and its related documents must be drafted in French, and a new contract must first be given to the other party in French. This has applied since June 1, 2023, and a renewal that creates a new contract triggers the rule (OQLF).
  • Then another language, if both agree. After the French version is provided, the parties may choose another language if that is their express wish (OQLF). A waiver inside a pre-signed contract does not satisfy the rule, and the French version must be available before the consumer chooses the counterparty (OQLF contracts page).
  • Bilingual or parallel versions are acceptable if French is at least as prominent and the same transmission method is used. If the versions differ, the adhering party may rely on either (OQLF). Under the Consumer Protection Act, the interpretation most favourable to the consumer prevails (OQLF contracts page).
  • Exceptions. The rule does not apply to contracts used in relations with persons outside Quebec, or to certain insurance policies with no French equivalent in Quebec. Employment contracts are governed by the Charter's language-of-work rules instead (OQLF).
  • Web and phone contracting. According to Osler's summary of the 2024 regulation, a business no longer has to offer a switch back to French at every step once the customer has declined French at the start; it must make the French terms and conditions available. Call centres can point the customer to where the French terms are available instead of reading them aloud (Osler). The regulation itself was not opened.

Negotiated contracts

The pages opened here address contracts of adhesion and say nothing about whether a negotiated B2B contract can be in English only, or whether a Quebec party has a right to ask for a French version. Do not assume either answer. Because they are Civil Code questions as well as Charter questions, put them to Quebec counsel, and see the contract-law points in Working with Canadian Companies.

Employment

Employers must see that any offer of employment, transfer or promotion they publish is in French, and written individual employment contracts are covered by section 41 of the Charter (Charter, ss. 41 and 46). An employer that requires knowledge of another language must state the reasons in the job offer. Detail on hiring is in the working guide.

4. Advertising, signs and invoices

  • Public signs and commercial advertising must be in French. Another language may appear alongside it if French is "markedly predominant" (Charter, s. 58).
  • What "markedly predominant" means. Law-firm summaries describe the test for exterior signage as French occupying at least twice the space of the other language in the same visual field (Gowling WLG, Osler). The 2024 draft regulation would also require a non-French trademark on signs visible from outside to be accompanied by French terms such as a generic term, a description or a slogan (Quebec regulatory impact analysis); DLA Piper reports the same as final.
  • Invoices, receipts and similar documents must be in French (Charter, s. 57).
  • Catalogues, brochures and similar documents, in any medium, must be in French (Charter, s. 52). Éducaloi adds that such material may also be offered in another language only if a French version of comparable quality exists and is accessible.

5. Trademarks, labels and software

The June 1, 2025 changes moved the line on trademarks, according to three law-firm summaries and the government's own impact analysis:

  • Products. A trademark recognized under the federal Trademarks Act, registered or not, may appear on a product in another language if no French version appears in the register. The Osler article says the planned requirement to register foreign-language trademarks was withdrawn (Osler, DLA Piper). The earlier text, with its "registered" wording, is the one the opened statute PDF still shows, so the statute could not be used to confirm the final wording.
  • Generic or descriptive terms. A generic term or product description that is part of the trademark must appear in French on the product or on a permanently attached support (Gowling WLG). Osler says business names and product names are exempt from this translation.
  • Other inscriptions. No inscription in another language may be given greater prominence than the French (Charter, s. 51).
  • Transition. Products made before June 1, 2025 that do not comply may still be sold until June 1, 2027 (DLA Piper; Osler). Osler adds a separate date for some federally regulated products such as food, drugs and cannabis, which this guide did not verify.
  • Software. All computer software, including games and operating systems, must be available in French unless no French version exists (Charter, s. 52.1). See Sell Software and Digital Services Across Borders.

6. Websites

Éducaloi states that since June 2022 businesses must make their websites available in French unless an exception applies, and cites section 52 in a case where a retailer pleaded guilty over its websites (Éducaloi). The OQLF page on websites could not be opened, so exceptions, the treatment of foreign-hosted shops and the standard for "comparable quality" are unverified. A practical reading: a full French version, equal in quality and as easy to find as the English, is the safe default for any site selling to Quebec consumers.

7. Francization and OQLF registration

Employees (over six months) Obligation Source
25 or more Register with the OQLF through its portal; analyse the use of French within three months of the registration attestation; submit a francization programme within three months if the OQLF asks for one; progress report every 12 months OQLF
100 or more A francization committee prepares the programme and the implementation report OQLF
5 to 99 May qualify for financial aid under a program for small and medium businesses OQLF

Gowling WLG says a company must register within six months after the six-month period in which it reached 25, and notes the threshold used to be 50. Businesses with 25 or more employees must give a registration attestation, a certificate or another valid OQLF document to obtain public contracts or subsidies; smaller businesses must state their headcount (OQLF). The OQLF issues a francization certificate when French is generalized at all levels. Whether employees outside Quebec count toward the 25 was not verified.

8. Penalties and enforcement

  • Fines. $700 to $7,000 for individuals and $3,000 to $30,000 for companies; double for a first repeat offence and triple for later ones (OQLF FAQ). Higher fines of $10,000 to $250,000 apply to legal persons that knowingly disclose false or misleading information under s. 165.22 or contravene s. 165.24 (s. 206); what those two sections cover was not opened.
  • Process. The OQLF does not issue tickets or fines itself. It handles complaints, helps the company correct the problem, can order compliance and can refer the case to the prosecutor (the DPCP), and the courts impose fines (OQLF FAQ). A complaint file is acknowledged within 30 business days.
  • No retroactivity. The rules in force when the breach occurred apply, according to Éducaloi.

9. Checklist

  • Decide whether the business "operates in Quebec" (premises, staff, sales to Quebec consumers) and get counsel's view if you have no Quebec establishment
  • Sort contracts into adhesion (standard terms) and negotiated, and give the French version first for the former
  • Add an express-language clause for any English-only contract, signed after the French version was provided
  • Provide French invoices, receipts, quotes and order forms
  • Publish a French version of the website of comparable quality, including terms and conditions
  • Check signs and ads: French markedly predominant, with French wording next to non-French trademarks on exterior signs
  • Review product labels for French generic or descriptive terms; note the June 1, 2027 sell-through date
  • Confirm software and apps are available in French
  • Count Quebec employees over six months and register with the OQLF at 25
  • Post job offers in French and put written employment terms in French
  • Keep records of the OQLF registration, programme and any complaint correspondence
  • Have Quebec counsel review the plan before launch

10. What to ask a lawyer or accountant

  • Does the Charter reach us if we have no Quebec office but sell online to Quebec residents?
  • Which of our contracts are contracts of adhesion, and which are negotiated, and can the negotiated ones be English only?
  • Can a Quebec counterparty insist on a French version of a negotiated contract?
  • Does our trademark fall under the "recognized" test, and what French wording must accompany it?
  • Do remote workers elsewhere count toward the 25-employee threshold?
  • How should we phrase the website language choice to meet the French-terms requirement?
  • What is the exposure for a product already on shelves before June 1, 2025?
  • If a complaint arrives, who should respond and in what language?

11. What this guide did not verify

The Charter's current consolidated text beyond the PDF excerpt (which appeared to show pre-June 2025 trademark wording); the amending Regulation itself; the OQLF pages on websites, signage and trademarks (not retrievable); exceptions for websites; the rule for negotiated contracts and any right to request French; whether the Charter reaches a foreign seller with no Quebec presence; whether employees outside Quebec count at 25; the dates for federally regulated products; penalties other than those on the OQLF FAQ and s. 206; and the language of business names (art. 68 and following). The research tool also ran out of searches, so no 2026 case law or OQLF guidance updates were checked.

12. Sources opened

Research, not advice. Rules change and depend on your facts: confirm with a qualified Canadian professional before you act. Items we could not verify are labelled in the text.

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