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Ottawa · City guide · ON

Ottawa: the full picture

Ottawa-Gatineau is a 1.7-million-person metro whose largest single customer and largest single employer are the same institution: the Government of Canada, which had 146,149 federal public servants in the National Capital Region as of 31 March 2026. Alongside that sits a genuinely deep private technology cluster - telecom, semiconductors and photonics, embedded and defence software - concentrated in the Kanata North tech park, plus Shopify, and a large university and hospital sector. The two halves are moving in opposite directions right now: federal and public administration employment is falling sharply while private-sector employment grows, and the region's own scorecard grades it poorly on startup formation and on how little of its employment is private.

Ottawa
1,700,014people in the Ottawa-Gatineau CMA (Ontario part 1,325,788; Quebec part 374,226)July 1, 2025 · Statistics Canada Table 17-10-0148-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
+2.3%CMA population growth over the prior year (from 1,661,966)July 1, 2024 to July 1, 2025 · Statistics Canada Table 17-10-0148-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
938,900labour force in the CMA (annual average)2025 · Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0461-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
877,300people employed in the CMA (annual average), down from 884,200 in 20242025 · Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0461-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
7.1%unemployment rate, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted (annual average 2025 was 6.6%, up from 5.7% in 2024)August 2026 · Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0459-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
146,149federal public servants working in the National Capital Region, down from 155,505 in 2024March 31, 2026 · Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat - Population of the federal public service in the National Capital Region
194,000CMA employment in public administration, down from 213,600 in 20242025 · Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0468-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
324,300public sector employees in the CMA, down from 342,400 in 2024; private sector employees rose from 453,600 to 467,8002025 · Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0468-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
51.3%share of total employment that is private sector - graded D against 20 peer CMAs2025 scorecard (indicator year 2024) · Ottawa Board of Trade / Business Data Lab, Capital Advantage: The Ottawa Economic Scorecard
$88,014 millionGDP at basic prices, current prices, Ottawa-Gatineau Ontario part (Quebec part $17,810 million; combined about $105.8 billion)2022 · Statistics Canada Table 36-10-0468-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)
$55,800real GDP per capita2024 Q2 · Ottawa Board of Trade / Business Data Lab, Capital Advantage: The Ottawa Economic Scorecard
$142,350median total income, couple families, Ottawa-Gatineau CMA2023 · Statistics Canada Table 11-10-0012-01 (via StatCan Web Data Service)

01The federal government is the floor and the ceiling

The federal public service employed 146,149 people in the National Capital Region as of 31 March 2026 - 111,200 on the Ontario side and 34,949 on the Quebec side - down from 153,979 a year earlier and from a peak of 155,505 in March 2024. That is roughly 9,400 fewer federal jobs in the NCR in two years. Statistics Canada's labour force data shows the same thing from the employment side: public administration employment in the CMA fell from 213,600 in 2024 to 194,000 in 2025, and total public sector employees fell from 342,400 to 324,300. For any business here, the federal government is simultaneously the anchor tenant, the biggest procurement buyer, and the single biggest source of demand risk.

02Employment is shrinking even as population grows

The Ottawa-Gatineau CMA reached 1,700,014 people on 1 July 2025, up 2.3% from 1,661,966 a year earlier. But annual average employment fell from 884,200 in 2024 to 877,300 in 2025, and the annual unemployment rate rose from 5.7% to 6.6% while the participation rate fell from 68.9% to 67.4%. On the most recent three-month moving average (seasonally adjusted, August 2026) employment was 881,500 and the unemployment rate 7.1%. Growth in population without growth in jobs is the defining local condition right now.

03Where people actually work

Annual 2025 employment by sector in the CMA (thousands): public administration 194.0, health care and social assistance 115.0, wholesale and retail trade 107.1, professional, scientific and technical services 90.4, educational services 65.4, construction 58.5, accommodation and food services 43.4, finance/insurance/real estate/rental and leasing 40.0, information, culture and recreation 36.3, manufacturing 30.3, business/building and other support services 25.4. Private sector employees rose from 453,600 to 467,800 between 2024 and 2025 while public sector employees fell by 18,100 - the private side is absorbing some of the shift but not all of it. Manufacturing is small here (30,300) by the standards of other Ontario metros.

04Kanata North: the private-sector engine

The Kanata North tech park is the densest part of the private economy. The Kanata North Business Association's 2026 Economic Impact Analysis (prepared by Doyletech, fieldwork February-April 2025, measuring 2025 impacts across 802 firms) reports $17.9B in total economic output across Canada, $9.7B in value added to Canada's GDP, 63,000+ total jobs supported and 30,978 direct jobs, plus $3B in taxes to all three levels of government. Its largest subsector - manufacturing, engineering, testing, semiconductors, telecom and photonics - accounts for 48.3% of park revenue ($4.04B) and over 15,000 employees (58% of the workforce); software, data and cloud is $1.67B and 4,234 people; defence, security and aerospace is $1.03B and 3,300 people. The City of Ottawa has designated the park a Special Economic District.

05Telecom, photonics and defence are the real technical specialisms

The KNBA/Doyletech report states Ottawa hosts more than 2,000 technology companies, over 90% of Canada's industrial telecommunications R&D, and the country's largest semiconductor and photonics cluster, with the Canadian Photonics Fabrication Centre on site; it cites a Doyletech estimate that the semiconductor and photonics sector generated C$12.65B in national output in 2024 supporting 48,453 jobs. On defence, the report notes more than $83B in active Industrial and Technological Benefits obligations, defence primes including Lockheed Martin, Thales and Leonardo DRS in the park, and that Ottawa is the only Canadian city with four NATO DIANA test centres (Area X.O plus three National Research Council labs). Nokia is building a roughly 750,000 sq ft Ottawa innovation campus in Kanata North, with 1,900 R&D staff already in Ottawa, and Ericsson calls its Ottawa R&D centre its largest in North America.

06The research base is large and it is an employer in its own right

The University of Ottawa had 49,864 students in Fall 2025, 10,088 employees, and $511.1M in research revenues in 2025 ($208M federal, $57M provincial, $42.8M industry/private). Carleton University reports 30,675 students, 1,058 faculty and $155.4M in sponsored research funding in 2024-25. Both have a Kanata North presence - Carleton marked five years of CU@Kanata in 2026. Algonquin College runs Ottawa, Pembroke and online campuses but is contracting: on 2 March 2026 its Board approved cancelling seven programs and suspending twenty-three more with intent to cancel, effective Fall 2026.

07Gatineau's side of the river

The Quebec portion of the CMA held 374,226 of the 1,700,014 residents on 1 July 2025 - about 22% - and grew far more slowly than the Ontario side (+1.0% vs +2.7%). Its economic role is heavily federal: 34,949 of the NCR's 146,149 federal public servants worked on the Quebec side as of 31 March 2026, roughly a quarter. On GDP, the two parts are much less balanced than population: the Ontario part produced $88,014M of GDP at basic prices in 2022 against $17,810M for the Quebec part. Practically, Gatineau is a labour-supply and residential complement with a large federal office footprint, not a separate industrial economy.

08The money: thin at the early stage, deep at the corporate stage

Invest Ottawa, the region's lead economic development agency, reported $635M in GDP impact in 2024 (up 11.5% from 2023) and 4,055 jobs, using a KPMG-built input-output model. Its own April-June 2026 quarterly scorecard (cumulative year to date) reports $176.8M raised by its startup portfolio, $177.82M in domestic and foreign investment attracted, 744 jobs facilitated and 373 startups actively engaged. Capital Angel Network, the region's main angel group, reports $41M invested into early-stage Canadian startups since 2021 (roughly double the prior five years) and $77M by members since 2010, with an average cheque around $200K. For scale: that angel total over fifteen years is smaller than Invest Ottawa's portfolio raise in a single half-year, which tells you the early-stage local capital layer is genuinely thin and the bigger cheques come from outside the region or from corporate and federal R&D programs.

09What the region's own scorecard says is weak

The Ottawa Board of Trade's first Capital Advantage economic scorecard (November 2025, built with the Canadian Chamber's Business Data Lab, benchmarking Ottawa-Gatineau against 20 other CMAs) grades the region B across all five themes but flags specific failures. Private sector employment is just 51.3% of total employment - graded D, low versus peers. Net new business formation was -0.7 per 10,000 people across 2023 and 2024, graded C. Workplace foot traffic in 2024 was 29.6% below 2019, graded D, reflecting hybrid work and a weak downtown. Productivity growth was -0.4 (2024 Q2 vs 2019 Q2). Commercial-to-residential property tax ratio is 2.33, graded C. Against that: 64.9% post-secondary attainment (A), $8.3B average annual business investment 2020-2024 (A), 24,854 ICT and professional services businesses (A), a 3.3% tech-sector vacancy rate, GDP per capita of $55,800 (2024 Q2) and 29.2% disposable income growth 2019-2024 (A).

10Household income

Median total income of couple families in the Ottawa-Gatineau CMA was $142,350 in 2023, up from $136,270 in 2022; for persons not in census families it was $45,450, up from $43,820. The Ottawa Board of Trade scorecard separately puts average household income within a 100 km radius of the downtown centroid at $132,272.

AnchorsThe companies and institutions that set demand here

Government of Canada (federal public service, National Capital Region)

Core public administration and separate agencies employing 146,149 people in the NCR - 111,200 in Ontario, 34,949 in Quebec.

The single largest employer and the largest procurement buyer in the region; its headcount trajectory sets the direction of local demand for everything from office space to professional services.

146,149 in the NCR as of March 31, 2026

Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat - Population of the federal public service in the National Capital Region

Nokia (Nokia Canada)

TSX: NOK

Telecom network R&D; 1,900 R&D professionals in Ottawa and 2,500+ nationwide, building a roughly 750,000 sq ft innovation campus in Kanata North focused on AI-powered networks, data centre networks, quantum-safe infrastructure and 6G.

The largest single private R&D employer in the tech park and the reason Ottawa holds most of Canada's industrial telecom research; broke ground on the new campus in November 2025 with Strategic Innovation Fund support, a multi-decade commitment signal.

1,900 R&D staff in Ottawa; 2,500+ in Canada (November 2025)

Nokia newsroom - Nokia Canada breaks ground on new Ottawa innovation campus (2025-11-25)

Ericsson Canada

TSX: ERIC

Telecom R&D; Ericsson describes its Ottawa R&D centre as its largest in North America, with 3,100 Canadian employees across Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto and Mississauga.

Second pillar of the telecom R&D cluster. Ericsson signed a five-year funding agreement with the Government of Canada in November 2024 covering more than $630M of Canadian R&D investment, following a CAD 470M five-year commitment announced in April 2023 that named a 25,000 sq m Ottawa facility.

3,100 in Canada (Ottawa-specific count not published)

Ericsson in Canada; Ericsson press release, April 17, 2023

Ciena

TSX: CIEN

Optical networking equipment. Ciena's Kanata North campus is roughly 425,000 sq ft and was announced as hosting more than 1,500 Ottawa employees, over half its global R&D team.

One of the three optical/telecom R&D anchors in Kanata North. Caution: the employee and campus figures above are from Ciena's own May 2015 announcement - the last figures I could verify from a Ciena source. Treat as directional, not current.

1,500+ in Ottawa as stated in 2015; no current figure verified

Ciena press release - Ciena To Develop New Ottawa Campus (May 8, 2015)

Kinaxis

TSX: KXSBe The Puck read ↗

Supply chain planning and orchestration software (the Maestro platform, formerly RapidResponse); founded and headquartered in Ottawa, on TSX since June 2014.

Ottawa's largest publicly listed enterprise-software company after Shopify and the main local example of a scaled B2B SaaS business built and kept here.

Kinaxis - About

Calian Group

TSX: CGYBe The Puck read ↗

Defence, space, health and critical infrastructure services and products; headquartered in Ottawa, founded there September 27, 1982, over 6,000 people worldwide.

One of the few Ottawa-headquartered public companies whose business is directly built on federal and allied defence, space and health contracting - a good proxy for how procurement spending converts into local jobs.

over 6,000 worldwide (Canada/Ottawa split not published)

Calian homepage and About page

Telesat

TSX: AND TSX: TSAT

Satellite operator; corporate headquarters at 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2100, Ottawa. Operates a global GEO fleet and is building the Telesat Lightspeed LEO constellation.

Ottawa's anchor in space and satellite connectivity, and the largest single capital project headquartered in the city. Lightspeed is actively deploying - its first European gateway was commissioned with Orange on September 17, 2026.

Telesat - About Us and Contact pages; Telesat press releases (September 2026)

Canada Post

Crown corporation, headquartered in Ottawa, running national postal and parcel delivery.

A large Ottawa-headquartered employer in acute financial distress: a record $1.57B loss before tax in 2025 (versus $841M in 2024), revenue down $315M or 4.7%, parcel volumes down 32.6%, and $1.034B of repayable government funding received in 2025 with a further $1.008B approved in early 2026. Restructuring here lands disproportionately on Ottawa head-office roles.

Canada Post news release - Canada Post reports $1.57 billion loss before tax for 2025 (April 20, 2026)

Mitel

Unified communications; Kanata-based, founded 1973. Filed Chapter 11 on March 10, 2025 with $1.3B of debt; plan confirmed April 17, 2025, eliminating $1.15B of liabilities and cutting annual interest by about $135M. Now owned by its former lenders.

A cautionary case rather than a growth story. Mitel employed roughly 5,400 people globally as of 2024 but only about 300 in the Ottawa region - the name is still a local landmark, the local employment is not. Its Ottawa footprint is far smaller than its reputation implies.

about 300 in the Ottawa region; about 5,400 globally (2024)

Ottawa Business Journal - Kanata-based tech mainstay Mitel files for bankruptcy protection in U.S.; Paul, Weiss - Mitel Emerges from Chapter 11 With Less Debt (June 20, 2025)

QNX (BlackBerry)

TSX: /TSX: BB

Safety-critical embedded operating systems and software for vehicles, robotics and critical infrastructure; Ottawa is a principal development hub. Note: the old blackberry.qnx.com address now redirects to qnx.software.

QNX's SVP of products and strategy states in the KNBA's 2026 report that Ottawa currently has the most open QNX roles of any office location globally - one of the clearest signals of where embedded-software hiring demand sits in Canada.

Kanata North Business Association, Economic Impact Analysis 2026 (quote from Grant Courville, SVP Products & Strategy, QNX)

University of Ottawa

Bilingual research university: 49,864 students and 10,088 employees in Fall 2025, with $511.1M in research revenues in 2025.

One of the largest single employers in the region in its own right, the biggest local source of graduate talent, and a research partner to the tech park (including AI work with Ciena).

10,088 (Fall 2025)

University of Ottawa - Quick facts

Carleton University

Research university with 30,675 students, 1,058 faculty and $155.4M in sponsored research funding in 2024-25; has run a Kanata North presence (CU@Kanata) for five years.

The region's second research base, with an engineering and public-policy orientation that feeds both the tech park and the federal employer.

1,058 faculty (total staff not stated)

Carleton University - Facts and figures

Ross Video

Live production technology - production switchers, routing, graphics, camera robotics; 1,330 employees and 17 offices.

Often described as an Ottawa company, and it does sponsor the media lab at Hub350 in Kanata North, but its stated head office is Iroquois, Ontario (about an hour southeast of Ottawa), not Ottawa. Worth getting right if you are mapping headquarters.

1,330

Ross Video - Company overview

EcosystemWho helps a business start and grow

Invest Ottawa

Public agency

The region's lead economic development agency for knowledge-based industries; runs venture development (IO Ignition, IO Flex, IO Accelerator, IO ScaleUp), small-business programs (Starter Company Plus, Summer Company), women-founder programs (SheBoot, ElevateIP), foreign direct investment attraction and the Work in Ottawa talent platform. Anchor tenant at Bayview Yards.

investottawa.ca ↗

Bayview Yards

Incubator

Ottawa's innovation centre and physical basecamp for the ecosystem, built with $38M from the City of Ottawa, the Province of Ontario and the Government of Canada through FedDev Ontario plus $1.3M from founding sponsors; hosts Bayview Betaworks proof-of-concept space, meeting and event space, and international soft-landings.

bayviewyards.org ↗

Kanata North Business Association (KNBA)

Chamber / board of trade

Represents and advocates for the companies in Canada's largest technology park (802 companies counted in its 2026 impact study; the site's FAQ cites 540+ member companies). Runs Hub350 co-working and the Discover Technata talent platform, and commissions the park's economic impact research.

kanatanorthba.com ↗

Ottawa Board of Trade

Chamber / board of trade

The city's business advocacy body, active since 1857. Publishes the Capital Advantage economic scorecard, the Downtown Ottawa Action Agenda, US trade and tariff resources, and runs the Mayor's Breakfast Series, City Building Summit and Best Ottawa Business Awards.

ottawabot.ca ↗

Capital Angel Network

Angel network

The largest early-stage investor network in Ottawa, Gatineau and Kanata; reports $41M invested since 2021 and $77M by members since 2010, screening 40-110+ applications monthly with an average cheque near $200K. Co-runs SheBoot with Invest Ottawa.

capitalangelnetwork.ca ↗

L-SPARK

Accelerator

Corporate accelerator pairing enterprises with startups; 130+ portfolio companies, $200M+ in follow-on funding, 14 exits and 9 corporate programs. Current programs include the TELUS Sovereign AI Accelerator and the Mitel UC Accelerator; past partners include Calian and BlackBerry.

l-spark.com ↗

Area X.O

Research

Public test and demonstration environment for advanced technologies (connected and autonomous vehicles, defence, smart agriculture), operated in the Invest Ottawa orbit; $15.07M in public-private investment reported year to date in Invest Ottawa's Q2 2026 scorecard, and it is one of four NATO DIANA test centres in the region. A second site, Area X.O Killaloe, is in use with the Canadian Armed Forces.

areaxo.com ↗

Hub350

Workspace

KNBA-run collaboration and co-working space at 350 Legget Drive in the tech park: 16 hot desks, 18 collaborative workspaces, 5 meeting rooms, 4 lounges, 6 phone booths and a media studio sponsored by Ross Video. Open to students, talent, investors and companies, not only park members; free to KNBA members, non-member day and monthly passes from $25.

hub350.com ↗

SectorsWhere the jobs are

WatchWhat changes the picture next

  • Budget 2025's Comprehensive Expenditure Review targets $9B of savings in 2026-27, $10B in 2027-28 and $13B in 2028-29 ($60B over five years from 2025-26), and projects the federal public service falling from about 368,000 in 2023-24 to about 330,000 by 2028-29 - roughly 40,000 positions or 10%. The review itself accounts for about 16,000 FTEs (4.5% of the March 2025 workforce), including about 650 executive positions.

    Ottawa-Gatineau absorbs a disproportionate share of any federal reduction, and the NCR has already lost 9,356 federal jobs from its March 2024 peak. Expect continued pressure on downtown retail and food service, office demand, contract professional services and government-dependent consultancies. Conversely, procurement dollars are being redirected rather than only cut - defence and technology modernisation lines are where the demand moves to.

  • Ottawa's overall office vacancy reached 15.0% in Q2 2026, up 70 basis points from 14.3% in Q1, with net absorption of -120,000 sq ft and a fourth consecutive quarter of rising vacancy. CBRE notes net asking rents have nonetheless held up.

    For occupiers this is a tenant's market with concessions available; for landlords and for anyone underwriting downtown retail footfall it is a structural problem, compounded by workplace attendance still 29.6% below 2019. Federal space disposals are a live source of additional supply.

  • Nokia broke ground in November 2025 on a roughly 750,000 sq ft Ottawa innovation campus in Kanata North, with Strategic Innovation Fund support, focused on AI-powered networks, data centre networks, quantum-safe infrastructure and 6G. Ericsson signed a five-year agreement with the federal government in November 2024 covering over $630M of Canadian R&D.

    These are the two largest private commitments in the region and they lock in telecom R&D employment for a decade-plus. They also confirm where hiring demand will be: RF, optical, network software, security and AI infrastructure, not generalist SaaS. Suppliers, testing and certification providers and specialist recruiters should follow the campus build schedule.

  • Canada Post, headquartered in Ottawa, reported a record $1.57B loss before tax for 2025 (up from $841M in 2024) on revenue down 4.7%, with parcel volumes down 32.6%. It received $1.034B of repayable government funding in 2025 and a further $1.008B was approved in early 2026, alongside 'transformative measures'.

    A large Ottawa head-office employer in open restructuring. Local effects run through head-office professional roles, logistics contracting and downtown occupancy, and it is one more Ottawa employer whose payroll depends on federal decisions.

  • Algonquin College's Board approved cancelling seven programs and suspending twenty-three more with intent to cancel, effective Fall 2026, citing enrolment volatility and shifting labour market demand.

    Algonquin is the main applied-skills pipeline for the region's trades, media, health support and business-support roles. Employers who recruit from those programs should check whether their intake stream still exists for Fall 2026 and after, and plan alternative pipelines.

  • Net new business formation in the region was negative: -0.7 net new businesses per 10,000 people across 2023 and 2024, and the Ottawa Board of Trade graded the region C on startups per capita and C on tech businesses per capita, concluding that its innovation strength 'may be concentrated in larger or established firms'.

    This is the most important warning for anyone deciding whether to found here rather than join here. The corporate R&D and federal demand are real, but the density of new small firms - and the local capital that funds them - is below what the region's talent stock would predict. Founders should plan on raising outside Ottawa.

  • Telesat's Lightspeed LEO constellation is in active deployment, with the first European gateway commissioned with Orange on September 17, 2026, a global ground-infrastructure master services agreement with SatPort on September 15, 2026, and a KONGSBERG Canada letter of intent with Telesat LEO ULC on September 21, 2026.

    The largest capital program run out of an Ottawa headquarters, and the region's main claim on space and defence connectivity. Ground-segment, RF, optics and systems-integration suppliers should watch the gateway and terminal build-out schedule.

  • The City of Ottawa has designated the Kanata Tech Park a Special Economic District, which the KNBA says enables targeted incentives, regulatory flexibility and accelerated approvals. The KNBA also flags that the park is in a grid-constrained area with rapidly growing energy demand from hard-tech and data-intensive R&D, and one of Eastern Ontario's highest electricity users.

    The SED is a real siting advantage for approvals and incentives; the grid constraint is a real siting risk for anything power-hungry. Anyone planning lab, fab or compute capacity in Kanata North should confirm power availability before committing to a site.

Not verifiedWhat we could not confirm

  • A ranked list of Ottawa's largest private-sector employers by headcount. Neither the City of Ottawa, Invest Ottawa nor the Ottawa Board of Trade publishes a current major-employer list at a URL I could fetch (ottawa.ca returned 403). The anchors section therefore names companies verified individually rather than ranked by size.
  • Employee counts for Shopify, Kinaxis, Telesat, and General Dynamics Mission Systems-Canada, in Ottawa or in total. None publishes a figure on the pages I fetched.
  • Calian's and Shopify's Ottawa-specific headcount. Calian publishes 'over 6,000 people around the world'; Shopify publishes no figure.
  • A current Ciena Ottawa employee count. The only Ciena-sourced figure I could fetch is from its May 2015 campus announcement (1,500+ in Ottawa, 425,000 sq ft). Eleven years old - do not quote as current.
  • The Ottawa Hospital's employee count and budget. Its About page carries no figures, and I did not verify a number from a hospital source.
  • Ottawa-specific venture capital dollars invested. The CVCA publishes national and provincial market overviews (latest: H1 2026) but no Ottawa breakdown on its public reports page. The VC section uses Invest Ottawa's portfolio figures and Capital Angel Network's totals instead, which are narrower than 'all VC into Ottawa companies'.
  • A publication date for the Capital Angel Network figures ($41M since 2021, $77M since 2010). The page states no as-of date; treat as current to access in September 2026.
  • Algonquin College's enrolment and employee counts. Its Fast Facts page carries campus square-metre figures but no enrolment or staffing numbers.
  • The dollar value of the Strategic Innovation Fund contribution to Nokia's Ottawa campus. Nokia's release confirms federal support but discloses no amount.
  • Nokia's total investment in the new Ottawa campus. No dollar figure is given in the groundbreaking release.
  • Mitel's current Ottawa headcount post-restructuring. The ~300 Ottawa-region figure is from 2024, before the Chapter 11 process.
  • Ottawa-Gatineau GDP for any year after 2022. StatCan's CMA GDP table (36-10-0468-01) lags the reference year by about three and a half years by design, and it uses 2011 CMA boundaries while the population table uses 2021 boundaries - so the GDP and population figures here are not on identical geography.
  • A CMA-level GDP figure for Ottawa-Gatineau as a whole. StatCan publishes the Ontario part and Quebec part separately; the ~$105.8B combined figure is my arithmetic, not a published StatCan number.
  • Whether uOttawa and Carleton operate formal, named technology-transfer or commercialisation offices with published deal or spin-off numbers. I verified both universities' research funding and their Kanata North presence but did not fetch a commercialisation-office page or its metrics.