Proud to Work

Topic guide · For people outside Canada

Bring a Worker to Canada: Work Permit Routes for Foreign Employers

Work permits and visasHire people, payroll, employer of record

Last reviewed 2026-10-20

First edition, partly verified. Every rule here links to the source we opened, and what we could not confirm is listed in the “not verified” section near the end. An independent legal and tax review is still to come: treat this as a research starting point.

Most foreign nationals need a work permit to work in Canada, and most work permits are tied to an offer from a Canadian employer. A foreign company with no Canadian entity can still be the sponsor in some routes, but it takes on Canadian employer duties when it does. This guide covers the main routes, the employer's costs and obligations, and the order in which to do things. It goes deeper on immigration than Working with Canadian Companies, which only introduces the two programs. If you want to employ someone who already lives in Canada, see Hire a Canadian employee from abroad. For the entity question, see Set up a Canadian subsidiary or branch.

Quebec runs part of its own selection system and has its own French-language rules. Anything below that touches Quebec should be confirmed with the province (see Doing business in Quebec).

1. The two programs

Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) International Mobility Program (IMP)
Gate Employer needs a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) from Service Canada No LMIA: the job falls under an exemption
Employer fee LMIA fee: $1,000 per position requested on the low-wage stream, not refundable and not chargeable to the worker (ESDC). The high-wage and Global Talent Stream pages say a fee may apply but do not give an amount (ESDC high-wage, ESDC GTS) Employer compliance fee of $230, paid before submitting the offer of employment (IRCC)
Offer of employment Part of the LMIA application Submitted through the IRCC Employer Portal; you give the 7-digit offer number to the worker (IRCC)
Open work permit holders Not applicable No offer form and no fee when the worker already holds an open work permit (IRCC)

The worker then applies for the permit; the process differs by whether the worker is outside Canada, in Canada, or eligible to apply at a port of entry (IRCC).

2. LMIA routes

What an LMIA is

An LMIA is Service Canada's assessment that hiring a foreign worker is justified. Recruitment rules differ by stream.

  • Low-wage stream. The employer must advertise on Job Bank, run the ad for at least 8 consecutive weeks within the 3 months before applying, use at least two further recruitment methods aimed at different under-represented groups, and keep records for 6 years (ESDC).
  • High-wage stream. The employer must make reasonable efforts to hire or train Canadians and permanent residents, including at least 4 consecutive weeks of minimum advertising within the 3 months before applying. Up to 3 years of employment can be requested (ESDC).
  • Employers cannot charge workers. Recruitment fees and the LMIA fee cannot be charged or recovered from the worker, directly or through a recruiter; doing so results in a negative LMIA decision (ESDC).

Processing times (LMIA, September 2026)

Stream Average business days
Global Talent Stream 9
High-wage 98
Low-wage 82
Agricultural 22
Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program 7
Permanent resident stream 79

Source: ESDC processing times, which says these are the average days to assess an application once all information is received and that they can vary significantly from month to month. They cover the LMIA only, not the work permit that follows.

Global Talent Stream

The Global Talent Stream is an LMIA pathway for highly skilled workers. Category A needs a referral from a designated referral partner for unique, specialized workers; Category B covers positions on the global talent occupations list. Employers must complete a Labour Market Benefits Plan, and Service Canada reviews progress each year. Service Canada aims to decide the LMIA within 10 business days 80% of the time (ESDC). In BC, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia the employer must first register with the province; in Quebec, for jobs over 30 consecutive days, the application goes to Service Canada and the Quebec ministry (MIFI) at the same time (ESDC). Keep supporting documents for at least 6 years from the worker's first day.

3. LMIA-exempt routes (International Mobility Program)

IRCC groups exempt workers into those with a work permit exemption, those with open work permits, and those eligible for an employer-specific permit without an LMIA (IRCC). The routes most relevant to a foreign employer:

Route Who it fits Key conditions found Source
CUSMA professionals US or Mexican citizens with a pre-arranged job in an occupation on the CUSMA list (63 occupations) Employer-based job offer; self-employment in Canada not allowed; no LMIA; initial permit up to 3 years, extendable in increments of up to 3 years IRCC
Intra-company transferee Staff of a multinational moving to a related Canadian entity Qualifying parent, subsidiary, branch or affiliate link; at least one year of full-time employment abroad in the last three years; executive, manager or specialized-knowledge capacity IRCC
Francophone mobility French-speaking workers going to a job outside Quebec Listed by IRCC as an employer-specific, LMIA-exempt route; detailed criteria not opened for this guide IRCC
Open work permits (e.g. post-graduation, spouses of some workers) Workers who can work for any employer No offer form or fee for the employer IRCC

Intra-company transferees in more detail

Under the general ICT rules, the foreign enterprise must be an existing multinational with revenue-generating operations in at least one country besides its home country, and both enterprises must be actively operating throughout the stay. Part-time work cannot be combined to make the year. Contracts, licensing, franchises and supplier or client ties do not create a qualifying relationship (IRCC). Maximum stays on the same page:

  • Start-up (C61): one year, with no extensions except in narrow circumstances.
  • Executive or manager (C62): initial permit up to three years, renewable in two-year increments, seven years in total.
  • Specialized knowledge (C63): same increments, five years in total.

Time counts across categories, and after the cap the worker must spend a year of full-time employment abroad. "Specialized knowledge" needs advanced proprietary knowledge of the company's products, processes or methods and an advanced level of expertise, generally two or more years of significant recent experience. Being highly skilled is not enough (IRCC). CUSMA has separate ICT categories (T24/T37 and T38), listed on the IRCC exemption codes index; those pages were not opened. If your worker is a US citizen, also see Selling to the US from Canada for the other side of the border.

Spouses and family

IRCC's index lists open work permit codes for spouses or common-law partners of high-skilled workers (TEER 0 to 3), of full-time students, and of lower-skilled workers (TEER 4 or 5), plus pilot-program spouses (IRCC index). The current eligibility rules for each were not opened. Do not promise a spouse permit in an offer letter before checking the current rules.

4. Permanent and start-up routes

  • Start-up Visa. IRCC's page says the program stopped accepting applications on June 30, 2026, and applications received earlier continue to be processed. Eligible applicants can apply for an open work permit while they wait. The page lists the main conditions: up to 5 owners, each holding at least 10% of the voting rights, applicants and the designated organization together holding more than 50%, a letter of support from a designated organization, and language benchmark 5 in English or French (IRCC). Do not plan around this route without checking whether it has reopened.
  • Provincial nominee programs. Provinces and territories nominate people for permanent residence under their own criteria; Quebec and Nunavut do not run a PNP. The IRCC page does not describe any employer role (IRCC). Whether a given province has an employer-driven stream, and its rules, were not opened for this guide.

5. Employer duties, inspections and penalties

For employer-specific permits, Canada's regulations set conditions the employer must meet during the employment period, including the following (IRPR s. 209.2):

  • Stay actively engaged in the business behind the offer.
  • Comply with federal and provincial hiring and recruiting laws.
  • Provide the same occupation and substantially the same wages and working conditions as the offer.
  • Make reasonable efforts to provide a workplace free of abuse.
  • Give the worker rights information in both official languages by the first day of work.
  • Not charge or recover recruitment fees or the employer compliance fee from the worker.
  • Keep documents showing compliance for six years from the start of employment.

IRCC says inspections cover both the TFWP and the IMP and check employment standards compliance, a workplace free of abuse and whether the worker is doing the job in the offer. Employers who cannot justify a failure may face a monetary penalty, a ban, or both; a ban bars use of both programs (IRCC). As of September 30, 2024, IRCC reported 42 employers with active temporary bans of one to 10 years (same page). For 2025 to 2026, ESDC reported 1,488 finalized TFWP inspections, 12% of employers non-compliant, over $10.2 million in penalties and 30 banned employers (ESDC).

It is also an offence under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act to employ a foreign national in a capacity in which they are not authorized to be employed (IRPA s. 124(1)(c)). The fines and prison terms were not on the page opened; ask counsel.

6. What a foreign employer should do first

  1. Decide whether the worker will be employed by a Canadian entity, by your foreign company, or through a Canadian employer of record; this determines who can submit an offer and meet the duties.
  2. Check the province: some require employer registration before an LMIA, and Quebec adds MIFI and French-language rules.
  3. Find the route by citizenship, role and relationship (CUSMA citizen, transferee of an affiliate, French speaker, skilled hire) before writing an offer letter.
  4. Budget for both the fee and the time: LMIA stream times above, plus work-permit processing (not verified here).
  5. Draft the offer to match what you will actually pay and require; the offer is the benchmark in an inspection.
  6. Start a compliance file on day one and keep it for six years.

Checklist

  • Confirm the worker's citizenship, role, qualifications and current status
  • Identify the route: LMIA stream, CUSMA, intra-company transfer, francophone mobility or open permit
  • Confirm whether the Canadian entity, a foreign employer or an employer of record will be the employer
  • Check provincial employer registration or Quebec (MIFI) requirements
  • Pay the $230 compliance fee and submit the offer through the Employer Portal (IMP), or prepare the LMIA
  • Confirm LMIA recruitment and advertising periods have been met
  • Give the worker the offer number and the rights information in both official languages
  • Confirm no recruitment or compliance fees are charged to the worker
  • Align the written offer with actual wage, duties and location
  • Open a six-year compliance record
  • Check the spouse's and family's separate permit needs
  • Have an immigration lawyer or licensed consultant review the file

What to ask a lawyer, accountant or licensed practitioner

  • Which route fits this worker, and what is the fallback if a permit is refused?
  • Does hiring through a foreign entity create a Canadian payroll or permanent-establishment issue? (an accountant can answer this; see Working with Canadian Companies)
  • What are the actual penalty ranges and ban lengths for our violation scenarios?
  • If the worker is a transferee, does our group structure meet the qualifying-relationship test?
  • What are the current work-permit processing times for the worker's country of residence?
  • Who is authorized to represent us in the Employer Portal? (immigration advice must come from a lawyer or a consultant licensed by the CICC)

What this guide did not verify

  • IRCC work-permit processing times (the IRCC tool could not be read); only the ESDC LMIA times above were opened.
  • Detailed eligibility for francophone mobility and for spousal open work permits (the pages could not be fetched).
  • CUSMA intra-company transferee pages (T24/T37/T38).
  • Fines and prison terms for employing an unauthorized worker; amounts of administrative monetary penalties.
  • The Global Talent Stream LMIA fee amount, and the high-wage LMIA fee amount.
  • Provincial nominee employer streams and Quebec's own selection rules.
  • IRCC work-permit government fees paid by the worker.
  • The page for Quebec LMIA exemption announced for March 13, 2026 (IRCC mentions it; detail not opened).

Sources opened

Research, not advice. Rules change and depend on your facts: confirm with a qualified Canadian professional before you act. Items we could not verify are labelled in the text.

Plan your next steps