Proud to Work

Topic guide · For Canadians

Insurance, credit and payment-risk tools for Canadian exporters

Insurance, credit and payment riskContracts and disputesGet paid, FX and banking

Last reviewed 2026-10-20

First edition, partly verified. Every rule here links to the source we opened, and what we could not confirm is listed in the “not verified” section near the end. An independent legal and tax review is still to come: treat this as a research starting point.

This guide is a map of the risk tools, not a buying guide. Only one product family has primary-source detail here: EDC credit insurance. Other tools (letters of credit, escrow, liability and cargo cover) are described as questions to put to a broker, bank or lawyer, and each is labelled as general practice that this guide did not source. It builds on the collection notes in Selling to the United States from Canada and pairs with Get paid from abroad.

1. Sort your risks first

Risk The question Typical tool family
Buyer does not pay Will this customer pay on time? Credit insurance, advance payment, letter of credit
Buyer is paid but you are not (country) Can money leave their country? Political-risk cover (some credit insurance policies)
Contract dispute Which law and court apply? Governing law, arbitration
Your work causes loss Who pays if the client claims? Professional liability or errors and omissions (E&O)
Data breach Who pays if you leak client data? Cyber cover
Goods lost in transit Who owns the risk on the road? Cargo insurance, Incoterms terms
Currency moves What if CAD rises before you are paid? Invoice currency, FX tools

A small exporter does not need every tool. Match the tool to the largest single loss you could not absorb.

2. EDC credit insurance (primary-source detail)

EDC is Canada's export credit agency. Its insurance page lists two credit insurance products and several guarantees (EDC insurance and guarantees).

What the product page says

Select Credit Insurance Portfolio Credit Insurance
Aimed at Occasional exporters; specific buyers or transactions Active, high-volume exporters with many buyers and markets
Amounts Individual invoices, typically $5,000 to $500,000 Higher-value receivables, typically $500,000 and above
Pricing basis Liability-based (contract size, buyer risk, payment terms, coverage period) Generally volume-based
Payment terms Up to 90 days, or 91 to 180 days Flexible

Source: EDC credit insurance (no date shown on the page, read 2026-10-20).

  • What it protects against: non-payment from international buyers.
  • Political risk: coverage depends on the policy and can include certain political risks that prevent payment, such as government actions or restrictions in a buyer's country. The page says "Coverage is subject to EDC assessment and policy terms."
  • How it works: pick the option, get pricing (Select has an online quick quote), manage coverage online, and file a claim if an insured buyer defaults. EDC reviews the claim and, if approved, compensates "the covered portion of the loss".
  • Fit: the page says it suits businesses wanting to close larger or higher-risk deals, enter new markets, offer competitive payment terms, or access financing against insured receivables.
  • What the page does not say: the percentage covered, whether buyer insolvency is covered, and any eligibility threshold. The page directs you to EDC at 1-800-229-0575. Treat these as open questions.
  • Political risk as a standalone product: EDC's insurance page does not list one. Its dedicated political-risk page could not be opened.

Guarantees listed on the same EDC page

  • Export Guarantee Program (helps exporters raise borrowing capacity).
  • Account Performance Security Guarantee (frees cash tied up in contracts).
  • Foreign Exchange Facility Guarantee (described as helping protect profits from currency exchange risk).
  • Trade Expansion Lending Program (working capital).

Terms for these were not on the page. The page does not describe the performance security guarantee as a surety product. See Sell to governments and large buyers abroad for bonding questions.

3. Private trade-credit insurance

  • Private insurers sell trade credit insurance in Canada. Coface's Canadian site names offices in North York, Ontario, and Pointe-Claire, Quebec, and describes an online platform called iCON for "global insights and risk decisions". The page gives no policy detail, coverage terms or prices (Coface Canada).
  • Other insurers were not opened, so this guide names none. A broker can quote several.
  • Questions to ask any insurer: which buyers and countries are covered, what percentage of a loss is paid, how long before a claim can be filed, what happens if you give extended terms, and what you must do to keep the policy valid (for example, reporting overdue invoices).
  • Compare an insurer quote with EDC's on the same invoices. Whether EDC and private insurers can be combined was not verified.

4. Letters of credit, advance payment and escrow

These are general-practice tools. No source was opened for them in this guide, and no fee or rule is stated.

  • Advance payment: you are paid before you ship or deliver. The buyer carries the risk. Many buyers resist for large sums, so deposits and staged billing are common middle paths.
  • Letter of credit: a bank, at the buyer's request, undertakes to pay you when you present specified documents. Payment depends on documents matching the terms exactly, so a small mismatch can delay payment. Ask your bank which letter-of-credit services it offers, the fees, and who confirms the credit if the issuing bank is abroad.
  • Escrow: a third party holds the money until agreed conditions are met. Check who the escrow agent is, how it is regulated, and what releases the funds.
  • Open account: you ship and invoice with terms. This is the riskiest for you and the simplest for the buyer. Credit insurance is the usual protection.
  • If you hold or move other people's funds in a payment arrangement, read the money services business notes in Get paid from abroad, section 5.

5. Liability, cyber and cargo cover

No insurer or policy page was opened for these. Use them as a list of topics for your broker.

  • Professional liability or E&O: covers claims that your advice or work product caused loss. Foreign clients, especially in the US, sometimes ask for proof of cover (a point also made in the US guide, section 4, where it is also unsourced). Ask whether the policy covers claims brought outside Canada, which courts, and in which currency.
  • Commercial general liability and product liability: relevant if you ship physical goods. Ask the same territory question.
  • Cyber: relevant if you hold client data or run software services. See Sell software and digital services across borders.
  • Cargo insurance: the party that bears transit risk depends on the trade term in your contract (for example, an Incoterms rule). Confirm who must insure the goods and for what value. For customs and shipping basics, see Export goods from Canada.
  • Many policies exclude or limit claims from some countries or contract types. Ask for a written statement of territory and exclusions before relying on cover.

6. Contracts that reduce payment risk

  • Governing law and forum: choose them deliberately. See the clause table in the US guide, section 4.
  • Arbitration: Canada and the US, UK, Germany, China, Japan and Mexico are all parties to the New York Convention on arbitral awards. The status page lists 172 states parties, shows Canada's entry into force as 10/08/1986, and attaches notes to several states, including a Canadian declaration limiting the Convention to commercial relationships under Canadian law (except in Quebec) (UNCITRAL).
  • Payment mechanics: a deposit, staged billing, a right to suspend work, a late fee and title to goods or IP that passes only on full payment.
  • Notice and cure periods: agree how a dispute about an invoice is raised, so that a disputed line does not hold up the whole payment.

7. Collections and enforcement

  1. Early reminders and a call: most overdue invoices are resolved here. This is general practice.
  2. Formal demand: a letter from a lawyer. Ask the lawyer about local rules in the buyer's country.
  3. Insurer claim: if you hold credit insurance, follow the claim steps and deadlines in your policy and the EDC process described above.
  4. Arbitration or court: an arbitral award can be enforced under the New York Convention in the states parties (see section 6), subject to each state's notes. Enforcement of foreign court judgments was not verified.
  5. Government-to-government route: for sales to foreign governments, CCC's International Prime Contractor service says it executes all payments and cash flows, which reduces payment risk. It is described as a fee-based service, with no amounts on the page (CCC for exporters).

8. Checklist

  • List your three largest buyers by exposure and what you would do if one stopped paying.
  • Check each new buyer's identity, registration and payment history before shipping.
  • Set a credit limit and payment terms per buyer.
  • Ask for a deposit or staged billing on large orders.
  • Get one EDC quote and one private quote for credit insurance on the same invoices.
  • Ask each insurer what share of a loss is paid and whether insolvency is covered.
  • Ask your bank what letter-of-credit services it offers and what they cost.
  • Decide which law, forum and arbitration clause you will accept.
  • Ask your broker for E&O and general liability cover that includes foreign claims.
  • Confirm who insures goods in transit under your contract terms.
  • Review cyber exposure if you hold client data.
  • Diary overdue-invoice reporting duties required by any insurance policy.

9. What to ask

A broker or insurer

  • What share of a loss is paid, and is buyer insolvency covered?
  • Which countries and buyer types are excluded?
  • What are the filing deadlines and reporting duties?
  • Does my liability policy respond to claims brought abroad?

A bank

  • Which letter-of-credit and collection services do you offer, and at what fees?
  • Can you confirm a credit issued by a foreign bank?

A lawyer

  • Which governing law and dispute clause suits this buyer's country?
  • How would I enforce an award or a judgment there, and at what cost?
  • Does any clause leave me with unlimited liability?

An accountant

  • How are bad debts and insurance recoveries treated for tax?

10. What this guide did not verify

  • EDC political-risk, surety and guarantee product pages. Only the credit insurance page and the insurance overview were opened.
  • The percentage of loss covered by EDC, buyer-insolvency cover, and eligibility thresholds.
  • Private insurers other than Coface's Canadian home page, and every private policy term and price.
  • Letters of credit, escrow, advance-payment and open-account practice, and any bank fees.
  • Professional liability, E&O, general liability, cyber and cargo cover, Incoterms rules, and Canadian broker practice.
  • Enforcement of foreign court judgments and local collection practice.
  • Tax treatment of bad debts and insurance recoveries.
  • Web search was unavailable for part of this research, so some pages could not be reached.

Sources opened

Research, not advice. Rules change and depend on your facts: confirm with a qualified Canadian professional before you act. Items we could not verify are labelled in the text.

Plan your next steps