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Topic guide · For Canadians

Get paid from abroad: invoicing currency, payment rails, FX and collection

Get paid, FX and bankingCross-border and sales taxInsurance, credit and payment risk

Last reviewed 2026-10-20

First edition, partly verified. Every rule here links to the source we opened, and what we could not confirm is listed in the “not verified” section near the end. An independent legal and tax review is still to come: treat this as a research starting point.

This guide goes one level past the payments section of Selling to the United States from Canada. That guide covers W-8BEN forms, US withholding and the GST/HST conversion rules. This one covers the money itself: which rail to use, what the published fees look like, how Canadian tax treats foreign currency, whether you are drifting into regulated payment activity, and what to do when a client does not pay. Fees change often. Every fee below is shown with the page where it was read and the date on that page, if the page gave one.

1. Decide the invoicing currency first

  • Invoicing in the client's currency (often USD, EUR or GBP) makes the offer easier to accept. It also moves exchange-rate risk to you.
  • Invoicing in CAD moves that risk to the client. Some buyers will accept this, many will not.
  • Whichever you pick, put it in the contract and on every invoice, and state which date's rate applies if a payment is made in a different currency.
  • Record the invoice date, the payment date and the amount in both currencies. Your accountant will need both (see section 3).

2. Payment rails compared

What the published fee pages say

Rail Published fee Source and date shown
Bank wire or SWIFT into a Canadian bank Not verified. Fees and exchange margins differ by bank Ask your bank for the incoming-wire fee and the margin on conversion
Wise, receiving USD by wire or SWIFT (Canada page) 6.11 USD fixed per payment Wise; page read 2026-10-20, no effective date shown
Wise, receiving with local account details Listed as free for CAD, USD, EUR, GBP, AUD, NZD, SGD, HUF and PHP Same page
Stripe Canada, card payment 2.9% + CA$0.30; +0.8% for international cards; +2% when conversion is needed Stripe; page read 2026-10-20, no effective date shown
Stripe Canada, dispute CA$15.00 per dispute received; refunded only when you win a countered dispute Same page
PayPal Canada, commercial receipt 2.90% + CA$0.30; cross-border fee of 0.80% for US senders and 1.00% for other countries PayPal; page updated 2026-10-13
PayPal currency conversion Minimum spread 4.00% on commercial transactions; 3.00% on other conversions Same page
PayPal chargeback or dispute CA$20.00 chargeback; CA$20.00 standard dispute; CA$40.00 high-volume dispute Same page

How to read this:

  • A fixed fee hurts small invoices. A percentage fee hurts large ones. Run your typical invoice through each row.
  • The currency conversion margin is a second cost. A low headline fee with a wide margin can cost more than a flat fee with a mid-market rate. Wise's conversion fee was not on the page read, so check it live.
  • Card and wallet rails come with built-in dispute handling (section 6). Wire transfers do not.
  • Do not treat this table as a ranking. It lists what three providers published on the dates shown.

Which fits which sale

  • One-off or small-ticket digital sale to a consumer or small client: card or wallet rails are usual, because the buyer expects them.
  • Larger B2B invoice: a wire or bank-to-bank transfer is common. Compare a flat fee against a percentage.
  • Recurring foreign revenue: a multi-currency receiving account may reduce repeated conversions. See section 4.
  • Government or large-corporate buyers: they usually dictate how they pay. See Sell to governments and large buyers abroad.

3. Canadian tax treatment of foreign currency

The conversion rule

  • The CRA's Income Tax Folio S5-F4-C1 says that, for days after 2017-02-28, the rate is "the rate quoted by the Bank of Canada on that day", and if none is quoted, the closest preceding day (para. 1.4). Conversion uses "the relevant spot rate for the day on which the relevant amount arises" (para. 1.3). See CRA, Income Tax Reporting Currency (chapter effective 2024-06-27).
  • The CRA may also accept a rate from another source if seven conditions are all met, including that it is verifiable, independently published and used consistently (para. 1.6). Same source.
  • Average rates may be accepted "for practical reasons" for certain income items. They will not generally be accepted if rates fluctuate significantly (para. 1.6.1). Same source.
  • That folio page has no separate rule for business income. Ask your accountant which method applies to your sales and expenses.
  • The Bank of Canada publishes daily rates once each business day by 16:30 ET, as units of foreign currency in CAD, and calls them indicative. See Bank of Canada daily exchange rates.
  • GST/HST has its own conversion options, covered in the US guide, section 3.

Exchange gains and losses

  • Between the invoice date and the payment date the rate moves. The difference is a real gain or loss for you. How it is classed for tax was not verified here. Ask your accountant, and keep both dates and both rates on file.

Tax abroad and withholding on incoming payments

  • Some countries withhold tax on certain payments to non-residents, such as royalties or fees. Whether a client must withhold, at what rate, and what a treaty changes, depends on the country and the type of payment.
  • For the US, see the US guide, sections 2 and 3: the W-8 forms, the withholding table and the Canadian foreign tax credit.
  • For other countries, this guide did not open a source. Use the country guides, such as the UK and Germany, and ask your accountant to check the tax treaty and the client's withholding duty before you sign.

4. Holding foreign-currency accounts

  • A USD or EUR receiving account can let you collect in the client's currency and pay same-currency costs from it, which limits conversions. Whether this suits you depends on fees and volumes.
  • Foreign property reporting (form T1135) and what counts as "specified foreign property" are covered in the US guide, section 3, with its caveats. A foreign-currency account at a Canadian branch and an account at a foreign institution may be treated differently. Not re-verified here. Ask your accountant.
  • Account terms, eligibility and fees for Canadian banks' foreign-currency accounts were not verified.

5. Regulatory line: when payments become a regulated activity

  • FINTRAC says you are a money services business (MSB) if you have a place of business in Canada and offer at least one listed service. Listed services include foreign exchange dealing, remitting or transmitting funds, and virtual currency services. See FINTRAC, Money services businesses (page last modified 2025-10-01).
  • The same page excludes a person who "solely accepts a payment for goods or services that they supplied to their own customer". An exporter paid for its own work is therefore not an MSB for that reason alone.
  • Acting as a go-between for a payer and a separate payee can fall under the payment-services category. Examples to watch for: collecting money from a client on behalf of your subcontractors, or running a marketplace that holds funds. FINTRAC requires registration before you operate, with no registration fee, on that page.
  • If your model includes pooling or forwarding other people's money, take advice from a lawyer before launch.

6. Payment terms, chargebacks and collection

Terms

  • Ask for a deposit on custom work and bill in stages. Net 15 to net 30 are common starting points; this is general practice and was not sourced here.
  • State a late-payment fee and a stop-work right in the contract. Check whether local law limits interest. Not verified here.

Chargebacks and disputes

  • Card and wallet payments can be reversed by the buyer. The cost to you includes the fee shown in section 2, the lost sale and your time to respond.
  • Keep proof of delivery, signed scope, emails and usage logs. Respond within the provider's deadline; the deadline was not on the pricing pages read.
  • Stripe lists a "Smart Disputes" option at 30% of the disputed amount for each dispute won (Stripe). Compare that with the cost of responding yourself.

Collection options

Option What the sources show
Credit insurance EDC sells Select and Portfolio Credit Insurance against non-payment by international buyers. See EDC credit insurance and Insurance, credit and payment risk for exporters
Government-to-government contract For sales to foreign governments, CCC's fee-based International Prime Contractor service says it executes all payments and cash flows. See CCC for exporters
Arbitration award Canada and the US, UK, Germany, China, Japan and Mexico are all parties to the New York Convention. See UNCITRAL status
Collection agency or foreign lawyer Not verified. Ask your lawyer about cost and local rules
  • The status page lists 172 states parties. Canada's entry into force is shown as 10/08/1986 and Canada made a declaration limiting the Convention to commercial relationships under Canadian law (except Quebec). The listing attaches notes to the US, China, the UK and Japan. Read the notes before you rely on an award in a given country.
  • A court judgment is not the same as an arbitral award. Enforcement of foreign court judgments was not verified.

7. Checklist

  • Choose the invoicing currency per client and write it into the contract.
  • Put payment method, bank details, due date and late fee on every invoice.
  • Ask for a deposit or staged billing on custom or high-value work.
  • Compare at least two rails on your typical invoice, including the conversion margin.
  • Confirm current fees on the live provider page before you quote.
  • Record the Bank of Canada rate for each invoice date and payment date.
  • Agree with your accountant on one conversion method and keep to it.
  • Check withholding duties in each client's country before signing.
  • Confirm whether holding a foreign-currency account triggers reporting.
  • Do not collect or forward other people's money without legal advice (MSB test).
  • Keep delivery proof for every sale in case of a chargeback.
  • Decide in advance when you will stop work, escalate or insure a buyer's credit.

8. What to ask

An accountant

  • Which exchange rate method applies to my business income and expenses?
  • How are exchange gains and losses between invoice and payment treated for me?
  • Does the client's country withhold tax on my fees, and does the treaty reduce it?
  • Do my foreign accounts trigger T1135 reporting?

A lawyer

  • Does my payment flow make me a money services business?
  • Which governing law, currency and interest clause should my contract use?
  • How would I enforce a claim against a client in their country?

A banker

  • What are your incoming-wire fee and conversion margin in USD, EUR and GBP?
  • Can I open a foreign-currency account, and what does it cost?
  • Do you offer forward contracts? (Not verified here.)

9. What this guide did not verify

  • Bank wire fees, bank exchange margins, and foreign-currency account terms at Canadian banks.
  • Hedging products such as forward contracts and options. The only product named is EDC's Foreign Exchange Facility Guarantee, which appears on EDC's insurance page without terms.
  • The tax treatment of exchange gains and losses, and any CRA rule specific to business income in foreign currency.
  • Withholding rules outside the United States.
  • Chargeback deadlines and rules of the card networks.
  • Enforcement of foreign court judgments, and local collection practice.
  • Wise's conversion fee; Wise and Stripe pages show no effective date.
  • Typical payment terms and late-fee limits, which are general practice only.

Sources opened

Research, not advice. Rules change and depend on your facts: confirm with a qualified Canadian professional before you act. Items we could not verify are labelled in the text.

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