Last reviewed 2026-10-20
First edition, partly verified. Every rule here links to the source we opened, and what we could not confirm is listed in the “not verified” section near the end. An independent legal and tax review is still to come: treat this as a research starting point.
This guide is for Canadian owners who want to sell goods or services to buyers in Italy, and, in section 12, for people in Italy who want to buy from or hire Canadians. Italy is an EU member, so most rules here are EU rules applied through Italian law. Several points below could not be confirmed from a primary source on the day of writing. They are marked "not verified" and collected in section 14. Do not rely on them without checking.
1. At a glance
| Item | What we found | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Two-way goods and services trade, 2024 | CAD 15.9 billion; goods trade up 73% since 2016 | Global Affairs Canada, 18 Oct 2025 |
| Goods trade, 2024 | CAD 15.54 billion total; Canadian exports to Italy CAD 3.3 billion (2023: 2.7); Italian exports to Canada CAD 12.3 billion (2023: 12.9) | Embassy of Italy in Ottawa, citing Statistics Canada |
| Latest monthly goods trade, May 2026 | Canadian exports to Italy CAD 415 million; imports from Italy CAD 903 million (seasonally adjusted) | Statistics Canada, The Daily, 7 Jul 2026 |
| CETA | Provisionally applied since 21 Sep 2017; Italy has not completed ratification (see below) | Camera dei deputati |
| Tax treaty | Canada-Italy convention signed 3 Jun 2002, in force 25 Nov 2011 | Department of Finance Canada |
| Currency, language, time zone | Euro, Italian, Central European Time. Not separately sourced; see section 14 | n/a |
The Embassy of Italy page describes Italy as Canada's eighth-largest supplier and the second-largest in Europe after Germany. Canada runs a goods deficit with Italy in every period above.
CETA status as of today
CETA (the Canada-EU trade agreement) has applied provisionally since 21 September 2017. Provisional application covers matters within EU competence. According to the Italian Chamber of Deputies' topic page (updated June 2026), Italy's ratification bill (A.C. 676, which covers CETA and the EU-Canada Strategic Partnership Agreement) was presented on 5 December 2022 and is still in committee in the Chamber. The page reports no Senate step. On 17 June 2026 the Foreign Minister said the government wants to finish ratification as soon as parliamentary debate is complete (Camera dei deputati). Global Affairs Canada says the agreement takes full effect once all member states have ratified (Global Affairs Canada).
Practical meaning for you: the tariff cuts and origin rules in section 6 work today. Treat the parts of CETA that need national ratification as not yet final in Italy, and ask your adviser which of them you rely on. We did not verify which provisions fall in that group.
2. Where Canadians win
Only evidence we opened is listed here. It describes what has sold, not what will sell.
- Wheat products (CAD 597 million in 2024), aerospace (CAD 578 million, up 112.7%) and pharmaceuticals (CAD 269 million, down 29.3%) were the top Canadian exports to Italy in 2024 (Embassy of Italy in Ottawa).
- The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service lists aerospace, agriculture and processed foods, automotive, clean technologies, information and communications technologies, and life sciences as its Italy sectors (Trade Commissioner Service).
- A 2025 Canadian trade mission (135+ people from 75+ organizations) focused on aerospace, defence and security, infrastructure, and clean technologies and energy. Three commercial agreements were announced, including an AI and manufacturing-maintenance deal and an energy-data partnership (Global Affairs Canada).
We found no evidence in the sources opened on services exports by sector. Do not assume a gap in the market without checking your own buyers.
3. Services vs goods, local entity and permanent establishment
| Route | When it fits | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Sell from Canada, no Italian presence | One-off or repeat sales of goods to Italian importers; B2B services delivered remotely | VAT, customs, permanent establishment risk (below) |
| Use an Italian distributor or agent | You want local sales without staff | Agency law and termination terms (section 5) |
| Branch (secondary office) | You want to operate directly but stay one legal entity | Branch is part of the Canadian company; registration and tax filing in Italy. Not verified |
| Italian company (S.r.l. or S.p.A.) | You hire locally, hold stock, or need a local contracting party | Capital, formation steps, directors, accounting. Not verified |
We did not open a primary source on Italian company forms, minimum capital or registration timelines. Ask an Italian lawyer or commercialista for those. For the Canadian side of a foreign subsidiary, see set-up-a-canadian-subsidiary-or-branch (the reverse direction) and sell-software-and-digital-services-across-borders.
Permanent establishment (PE)
Under the Canada-Italy treaty, business profits are taxable only in the country of residence unless the enterprise carries on business through a PE in the other country, and then only the profits attributable to that PE are taxable there (Article 7). A building or assembly site becomes a PE only if it lasts more than twelve months (Article 5(2)(g)). A dependent agent with authority to conclude contracts is dealt with in Article 5(4). In the text summary we read, we did not find a separate time-based "services PE" clause, but we did not read the full article line by line; confirm with an adviser (treaty text, Department of Finance Canada, French). Italian domestic PE rules were not verified. Having an employee or agent in Italy who signs contracts is the usual risk to check.
4. Tax
Treaty withholding rates (Canada-Italy convention, 2002)
| Payment | Treaty rate in Italy | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Dividends | 5% if the beneficial owner is a company controlling at least 10% of the voting rights; otherwise 15% | Art. 10 |
| Interest | 10% (some exemptions, for example interest paid to governments) | Art. 11 |
| Royalties: software, patents, industrial/commercial/scientific experience | 5% (excluding leasing and franchising) | Art. 12(2) |
| Royalties: other | 10% | Art. 12(2) |
| Copyright royalties on literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works (not software or film) | Taxable only in the recipient's country | Art. 12(3) |
The withholding rules took effect for amounts paid or credited on or after 1 January 2011, and other taxes for tax years beginning on or after that date (Department of Finance Canada). The treaty rate only applies if you claim it with the paperwork the Italian payer needs. We did not verify Italy's domestic withholding rates, the claim forms, or Italian corporate tax (IRES) and regional tax (IRAP) rates. IRAP only matters if you create an Italian taxable presence, so it is not covered further.
Employment income: under Article 15(2), a Canadian resident employee working in Italy is not taxed there if they stay 183 days or fewer in any 12-month period, the employer is a non-resident, and the employer does not bear the cost through an Italian PE or fixed base. Independent services (Article 14) are taxable only in the country of residence unless you have a fixed base regularly available in Italy.
Italian VAT for a Canadian seller
- Italian business customers only. The Agenzia delle Entrate says a non-resident does not have to register for VAT if its Italian customers are all VAT-registered businesses established in Italy; the Italian customer then bears the VAT obligations (reverse charge). Source: Agenzia delle Entrate, VAT registration in Italy.
- Consumers or non-business buyers. A non-resident must register if it serves Italian final consumers or non-VAT-registered non-commercial entities (same page).
- How to register. Any non-resident can appoint a VAT tax representative (forms AA7/10 or AA9/12). Direct identification (form ANR/3, Pescara operations centre) is open only to businesses resident in other EU countries or in third countries with reciprocal agreements with Italy (same page). We did not confirm whether Canada has such an agreement, so plan on a tax representative unless Italian authorities confirm otherwise.
- Fixed establishment. A non-resident with a fixed establishment in Italy registers as a resident business (same page).
- Place of supply and reverse charge on B2B services. The general EU place-of-supply rule was not verified from a primary source. The Agenzia statement above is consistent with the reverse charge on B2B sales, and a law-firm summary says Italian buyers report purchases of services from non-EU suppliers using document type TD17 (Andersen, 18 Jul 2022). That is a secondary source dated 2022; check current rules.
- Imported goods. Import VAT is paid at the border. Not verified.
E-invoicing through the SDI
Italy requires e-invoices in FatturaPA XML format sent through the Sistema di Interscambio (SDI) for VAT-registered businesses, including B2C and B2B (Avalara Italian e-invoicing guide). That guide says the mandate covers non-resident businesses with a fixed establishment in Italy, and does not say how it applies to a non-resident without one. Italian businesses selling to non-resident buyers are exempt from e-invoicing but must report those invoices to the SDI, and the old "esterometro" quarterly report was replaced by SDI reporting. The Andersen article explains that, from 1 July 2022, Italian buyers send data on purchases from non-residents (document types TD17 for services, TD18 and TD19 for goods) through the SDI (Andersen).
What this means for a Canadian seller with no Italian establishment, based on those two secondary sources: the SDI step appears to fall on your Italian customer, not on you. You should still give your customer the invoice details their accountant needs (your name and address, your tax ID, the service or goods description, the amount and currency). Penalties for Italian businesses failing to e-invoice are 5% to 10% of the transaction, with fines of EUR 250 to EUR 2,000 for late submission (Avalara). We could not open the Agenzia delle Entrate e-invoicing page, so confirm with an Italian accountant before you invoice.
Canadian side
GST/HST treatment of exported services and goods, the foreign tax credit for Italian tax, and treaty-residence certificates were not verified for this guide. See export-goods-from-canada and get-paid-from-abroad-fx-and-payments, and ask your accountant.
What to ask an accountant
- Do we need an Italian VAT representative, or is reverse charge enough for our customers?
- Does our work create a PE (employee in Italy, agent who signs contracts, long project)?
- Which treaty withholding rate applies and what does the payer need from us?
- How does our Italian income appear in our Canadian return, and which credit applies?
5. Legal and contracts
- Governing law and forum. EU and Italian law will apply to many consumer and commercial matters regardless of what you choose. Choice-of-law, court and arbitration rules (including how a Canadian judgment or award is enforced in Italy) were not verified. Ask a lawyer to pick a forum, then check how it will be enforced against the Italian party.
- Language. Contracts with Italian parties are commonly in Italian or bilingual. We did not find a primary rule requiring Italian, so this is a question for your lawyer. The Trade Commissioner Service notes that executives at larger companies often speak English, while local businesspeople and wholesalers may need an interpreter (Trade Commissioner Service).
- Commercial agents and distributors. Italy applies EU rules on commercial agents, which can include notice and end-of-contract payments. We did not open a primary source. Do not sign an agency or exclusive distribution agreement without Italian legal advice.
- Privacy (GDPR). The Garante per la protezione dei dati personali is Italy's data protection authority and supervises the GDPR (Garante). The European Commission lists Canada among adequacy decisions (commercial organisations) (European Commission). The page does not state the scope in detail, so confirm what it covers before moving Italian personal data to Canada. For the Canadian rules see privacy-and-data-rules-for-canada.
- Sanctions and export controls. The Trade Commissioner Service links to Canadian guidance on sanctions, export and import controls, and responsible business conduct for Italy (Trade Commissioner Service). We did not open those pages.
What to ask a lawyer
- Which law and forum should the contract choose, and can we enforce the result in Italy?
- Does the contract need an Italian-language version?
- If we use an agent or distributor, what notice, indemnity or compensation could we owe at the end?
- Do we need a data-transfer agreement for personal data we handle?
6. Customs, rules of origin, CE marking, EORI
- Tariffs. Under CETA, tariffs have been eliminated on 99% of tariff lines, according to the Trade Commissioner Service. Check your own HS code in the Canada Tariff Finder or the EU's Access2Markets tool.
- Proving origin. The exporter issues a self-certified origin declaration on an invoice or other commercial document using the CETA Annex 2 wording. The declaration includes the customs authorization number or CRA business number, the date and place, and a signature. Exporters shipping goods valued over EUR 6,000 must be registered under Canada's Exporter Identification Number system. Keep records for at least 6 years, and expect that the CBSA may verify origin by information requests or on-site audits (Trade Commissioner Service step-by-step guide). The product must meet the product-specific rule in CETA Annex 5.
- EORI, CE marking, Italian import documentation. Not verified. In general terms, whoever is the importer of record in the EU needs the identification the EU requires. Ask your customer or customs broker who that is, and whether your product needs a CE marking or other conformity step.
- Shipping and freight. See export-goods-from-canada.
7. Getting paid
- Late payment. Italy's late-payment rules for commercial transactions are in Legislative Decree 231/2002, as amended by Legislative Decree 192/2012. Interest is the ECB reference rate plus 8 percentage points. It accrues automatically from the day after the deadline, with no formal notice, unless the debtor shows that non-payment resulted from factors beyond its control. The European e-Justice Portal's most recent table entry was 12.50% for 1 January to 30 June 2024 and is out of date; check the current rate on the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance website (European e-Justice Portal).
- Payment terms. A trade blog reports a default of 30 days, with up to 60 days if agreed in writing and not grossly unfair to the creditor, plus a EUR 40 recovery fee (invoicedataextraction.com). We could not open the statute, so treat this as unverified and agree terms in writing.
- SEPA, FX, bank details. Not verified in a primary source. For ways to receive euros and manage currency risk, see get-paid-from-abroad-fx-and-payments and insurance-credit-and-payment-risk-for-exporters.
8. People and visas
Short visits
Canadians do not need a visa for tourist or business visits of up to 90 days in any 180-day period, counted across all Schengen countries. Work and student stays require a visa. A passport must be valid for at least 3 months after you plan to leave the Schengen area (Travel.gc.ca). The Entry/Exit System records trips on entry. A business visitor can hold meetings, attend trade fairs, negotiate sales and give after-sales service, but cannot sell to the public or be paid from an Italian source (Trade Commissioner Service, CETA temporary entry guide).
ETIAS
ETIAS (the EU's travel authorisation for visa-exempt visitors) is not in operation as of today. Travel.gc.ca says applications are not yet open (Travel.gc.ca). A news report dated 10 August 2026 says the launch is delayed indefinitely and that the official site says the system is currently not in operation (Daily Hive). We could not open the EU's official ETIAS page. Re-check before each trip.
Working in Italy under CETA
The Trade Commissioner Service guide (February 2024) sets out five categories (guide). Fees and times are as the guide states them and may have changed.
| Category | Stay under CETA | Italian permit |
|---|---|---|
| Short-term business visitor | 90 days in any 180 | None for listed activities |
| Contractual service supplier | Up to 12 months in any 24 | Service agreement work permit (2 years, renewable to 4) |
| Independent professional | Up to 12 months in any 24 | Independent professional permit; still subject to annual quotas |
| Intra-corporate transferee | Up to 3 years (trainees 1 year) | EU Intra-Corporate Transferee permit; Italian branch requests it from the Prefettura |
| Investor | Up to 1 year | Investor visa; minimums such as EUR 500,000 in a company or EUR 250,000 in an innovative start-up |
Contractual service suppliers must be employed by a Canadian firm for at least 1 year, hold a degree, and have 3 years of relevant experience. Independent professionals need at least 6 years of experience. The independent professional route is noted as still subject to annual quotas.
Italy's yearly "flussi" quota decrees for non-seasonal workers were not opened and are not verified here. If you plan to hire in Italy, ask an Italian immigration lawyer. For employing people on the ground see also bring-a-worker-to-canada for the reverse direction.
9. Business practice
From the Trade Commissioner Service's business-travel tips (source):
- Use titles such as "Dottore" or "Dottoressa" until invited to use first names. Shake hands on arriving and leaving.
- Have a local representative introduce you and set appointments. Appointment requests in Italian by email tend to get faster replies.
- Be on time, especially in the industrial north. Most firms close in August; plan around it.
- Negotiations are often long. Showing urgency can weaken your position.
- Organization charts do not reliably show who decides. Find a contact who understands the company's internal structure.
- Dress well; even casual clothing should be well cut.
- Italian is the official language. Larger companies often have English-speaking executives, but you may need an interpreter elsewhere.
The same page says that a short visit may include research and representing your company, but not performing services or being paid by an Italian company. It also says certain executive roles, such as presidents or general managers of an S.p.A., need a "Carta del commercio estero". We did not verify that card requirement from an Italian source.
10. Funding and support
- Trade Commissioner Service. Rome (embassy, organized by industry sector) and Milan (consulate) offices. The page lists CanExport funding and supplier-diversity opportunities (Trade Commissioner Service). We did not open CanExport's eligibility rules; see export-funding-and-financing-map and find-buyers-trade-shows-and-trade-missions.
- Bilateral chambers. The Italian Chamber of Commerce in Canada (Montreal base) offers market analysis, partner selection, strategic planning support and membership (ICCC). The Italian Chamber of Commerce in Canada - West (Vancouver, with a Calgary office) offers business meetings, partner, agent and distributor searches, market research, regulatory information and translation (ICCBC).
- Italian Trade Agency (ICE-ITA). An Italian government agency with offices in 70 countries (ICE). A 2020 notice from the Consulate General of Italy in Toronto describes an ITC office in Toronto (consulate notice); confirm it is current.
See the Experts directory for the verified list of organizations.
11. Risks
- Ratification uncertainty. CETA is provisional in Italy. The bill has been in committee since 2022 (section 1).
- Late payment. Interest runs automatically under Italian law, but collecting abroad takes time. Agree terms in writing.
- Hidden PE and VAT. A local agent, employee or stock can change your tax position (sections 3 and 4).
- E-invoicing and reporting mistakes. Italian businesses face penalties of 5% to 10% of the transaction for e-invoicing failures, so your customer will insist on correct invoice data.
- August closures and slow negotiation. Plan timing.
- Visa and quota limits. Independent professionals are still subject to annual quotas.
- Rules that changed or may change. ETIAS, interest rates and e-invoicing rules all moved during the last few years.
12. If you are in Italy and want to work with Canadians
- Buying goods from Canada. CETA has removed tariffs on 99% of tariff lines. Ask your Canadian supplier for the CETA origin declaration on the invoice (section 6). You will need the EU import identification your customs broker identifies. Not verified.
- Selling to Canada. Italy's top exports to Canada in 2024 were pharmaceuticals (CAD 906 million), wine (CAD 649 million), industrial manufacturing (CAD 606 million) and automotive (CAD 554 million) (Embassy of Italy in Ottawa). For Canadian import rules see import-goods-into-canada and gst-hst-for-foreign-businesses-selling-in-canada. Quebec has language rules for products and signage: see doing-business-in-quebec-french-language-rules.
- Hiring or contracting Canadians. See hire-a-canadian-freelancer-or-contractor, hire-a-canadian-employee-from-abroad and working-with-canadian-companies.
- Help. The Italian Chamber of Commerce in Canada - West lists helping Italian companies enter the Canadian market, partner and distributor searches and translation. The ICCC offers market analysis and partner selection. ICE-ITA promotes Italian business abroad. The Embassy of Italy in Ottawa publishes trade data. SACE, Italy's export credit agency, offers financing for buyers of Italian goods and services and a guarantee for investment in Italy (SACE); the page does not mention Canada.
- Financing a purchase from Italy. The SACE page above describes untied medium- and long-term loans for buying Italian goods. Ask SACE or your bank whether a Canadian buyer qualifies.
13. Checklist
- Confirm which buyers are VAT-registered Italian businesses and which are consumers.
- Ask an Italian accountant whether you need an Italian VAT representative.
- Check whether any employee, agent or project could create an Italian PE.
- Agree payment terms and late-payment wording in writing.
- Choose governing law and forum with a lawyer, and check enforcement in Italy.
- Decide whether the contract needs an Italian-language version.
- Check your HS code, CETA origin rule and the EUR 6,000 EIN threshold.
- Confirm who is the EU importer of record and whether CE marking or other conformity applies.
- Confirm what invoice data your Italian customer needs for the SDI.
- Check passports (3 months validity beyond departure), the 90/180 rule and ETIAS status before each trip.
- Do not hire or assign staff in Italy before checking the CETA category and permit.
- Book the Trade Commissioner Service and a bilateral chamber before your first trip; avoid August.
14. What this guide did not verify
- Currency, language and time zone were stated as background, without a linked source.
- Italian company forms, S.r.l. capital, branch registration and formation steps.
- Italian IRES and IRAP rates, domestic withholding rules, and the process for claiming treaty relief.
- The full Article 5 text of the treaty, in particular any services-PE rule.
- The EU place-of-supply rules for B2B services (our reading relies on the Agenzia delle Entrate registration page and a 2022 secondary article).
- Whether a non-resident supplier without an Italian establishment has any direct SDI obligation. We could not open the Agenzia delle Entrate e-invoicing page.
- Whether Canada has a reciprocal agreement allowing direct VAT identification in Italy.
- Import VAT, EORI, CE marking and Italian import documents.
- Which CETA provisions depend on Italy's ratification.
- Choice of law, court jurisdiction and arbitration enforcement between Canada and Italy; commercial agency rules.
- The scope and date of the EU adequacy decision for Canada.
- Statutory payment terms (30/60 days, EUR 40 fee) from the statute itself, and the current late-payment rate.
- SEPA and FX practices.
- Italy's "flussi" quota decrees and the "Carta del commercio estero".
- Canadian-side GST/HST, foreign tax credit and treaty-residence procedures.
- CanExport and EDC eligibility; whether the ICE-ITA Toronto office is current; whether any Italian firm runs a Canada desk.
- The EU's official ETIAS page (blocked); status rests on Travel.gc.ca and a news report.
15. Sources opened
- Statistics Canada, The Daily, 7 Jul 2026
- Embassy of Italy in Ottawa, trade figures
- Global Affairs Canada, trade mission to Italy, 18 Oct 2025
- Camera dei deputati, CETA ratification topic page
- Global Affairs Canada, CETA overview
- Department of Finance Canada, Canada-Italy tax convention notice
- Canada-Italy tax convention text (French)
- Trade Commissioner Service, doing business in Italy
- Trade Commissioner Service, tips for business travellers
- Trade Commissioner Service, CETA overview
- Trade Commissioner Service, CETA step-by-step guide
- Trade Commissioner Service, temporary entry into Italy under CETA
- Travel.gc.ca, Italy
- Daily Hive, ETIAS delay, 10 Aug 2026
- Agenzia delle Entrate, VAT registration in Italy
- Andersen, foreign transactions via SDI, 18 Jul 2022
- Avalara, Italian e-invoicing
- European e-Justice Portal, Italy interest rates
- invoicedataextraction.com, Italy B2B payment terms
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
- European Commission, adequacy decisions
- ICE-Italian Trade Agency
- Consulate General of Italy in Toronto, notice
- Consulate General of Italy in Vancouver
- Italian Chamber of Commerce in Canada (Montreal)
- Italian Chamber of Commerce in Canada - West
- SACE
Research, not advice. Rules change and depend on your facts: confirm with a qualified Canadian professional before you act. Items we could not verify are labelled in the text.